{"id":593,"date":"2022-09-12T13:28:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-12T13:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/?p=593"},"modified":"2022-08-08T12:34:12","modified_gmt":"2022-08-08T12:34:12","slug":"fonta-ce-este-fonta-tipuri-de-fonta-proprietatile-fontei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/fonta-ce-este-fonta-tipuri-de-fonta-proprietatile-fontei\/","title":{"rendered":"Fonta. Ce este fonta, tipuri de font\u0103, propriet\u0103\u021bile fontei"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_16 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Cuprins<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/fonta-ce-este-fonta-tipuri-de-fonta-proprietatile-fontei\/#Fonta_Ce_este_fonta_din_ce_este_facuta_fonta_si_ce_tipuri_exista\" title=\"Fonta. Ce este fonta, din ce este f\u0103cut\u0103 fonta \u0219i ce tipuri exist\u0103 \">Fonta. Ce este fonta, din ce este f\u0103cut\u0103 fonta \u0219i ce tipuri exist\u0103 <\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/fonta-ce-este-fonta-tipuri-de-fonta-proprietatile-fontei\/#Tipuri_de_fonta\" title=\"Tipuri de font\u0103\">Tipuri de font\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/fonta-ce-este-fonta-tipuri-de-fonta-proprietatile-fontei\/#Procesul_de_fabricare_a_fontei_explicat_pe_scurt\" title=\"Procesul de fabricare a fontei, explicat pe scurt\">Procesul de fabricare a fontei, explicat pe scurt<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/fonta-ce-este-fonta-tipuri-de-fonta-proprietatile-fontei\/#Comparatie_intre_otel_si_fonta\" title=\"Compara\u021bie \u00eentre o\u021bel \u0219i font\u0103\">Compara\u021bie \u00eentre o\u021bel \u0219i font\u0103<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fonta.-Ce-este-fonta-tipuri-de-fonta\u0306-proprieta\u0306t\u0326ile-fontei-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Cot, fiting, otel, fonta, fonta zincata, teava, instalatii\" class=\"wp-image-592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fonta.-Ce-este-fonta-tipuri-de-fonta\u0306-proprieta\u0306t\u0326ile-fontei-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fonta.-Ce-este-fonta-tipuri-de-fonta\u0306-proprieta\u0306t\u0326ile-fontei-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fonta.-Ce-este-fonta-tipuri-de-fonta\u0306-proprieta\u0306t\u0326ile-fontei-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fonta.-Ce-este-fonta-tipuri-de-fonta\u0306-proprieta\u0306t\u0326ile-fontei.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Materialele de construc\u021bii au evoluat foarte mult de-a lungul anilor, iar progresele \u00eenregistrate la nivel tehnologic au condus la apari\u021bia unor solu\u021bii tot mai eficiente prin care oamenii au putut s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i satisfac\u0103 diversele necesit\u0103\u021bi. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i, oamenii au reu\u0219it s\u0103 descopere metalele de diferite feluri \u0219i s\u0103 le utilizeze pentru a-\u0219i u\u0219ura munca. \u00cen timp, au intervenit lucr\u0103rile de cercetare, prin intermediul c\u0103rora s-au dezvoltat capacit\u0103\u021bile oamenilor de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 de a analiza caracteristicile chimice ale materialelor. Din acel punct, a fost o simpl\u0103 formalitate descoperirea faptului c\u0103 unele elemente pot fi combinate, \u00een a\u0219a fel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 se ob\u021bin\u0103 solu\u021bii rezistente \u0219i extrem de versatile.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Printre aceste variante de material se reg\u0103se\u0219te \u0219i fonta. Acest material este unul folosit \u00eentr-o mul\u021bime de arii de activitate, gra\u021bie propriet\u0103\u021bilor sale impresionante. Fonta este un material care a putut fi integrat \u00eentr-o mul\u021bime de industrii, deoarece prin propriet\u0103\u021bile sale ofer\u0103 posibilitatea elabor\u0103rii unor aplica\u021bii cu utilit\u0103\u021bi multiple. Din font\u0103, se ob\u021bin elemente necesare la nivel casnic, dar \u0219i componente care pot fi folosite cu succes la nivel industrial. Prin intermediul informa\u021biilor din acest articol, vei putea \u00een\u021belege ce este fonta, ce tipuri de font\u0103 exist\u0103, care sunt propriet\u0103\u021bile acestui material \u0219i cum se plaseaz\u0103 el, prin compara\u021bie cu o\u021belul.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cuprins<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Fonta. Ce este fonta, din ce este f\u0103cut\u0103 fonta \u0219i ce tipuri exist\u0103<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>1.1. Tipuri de font\u0103<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.2. Procesul de fabricare a fontei, explicat pe scurt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\"><li>Compara\u021bie \u00eentre o\u021bel \u0219i font\u0103<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fonta_Ce_este_fonta_din_ce_este_facuta_fonta_si_ce_tipuri_exista\"><\/span>Fonta. Ce este fonta, din ce este f\u0103cut\u0103 fonta \u0219i ce tipuri exist\u0103 <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Fonta este un aliaj casant ob\u021binut din carbon, fier \u0219i alte elemente. Fonta are un con\u021binut relativ ridicat de carbon, comparativ cu alternativele din domeniu. De altfel, greutatea fontei este dat\u0103, \u00een propor\u021bie de 2% \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la peste 6% de carbon. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 fier \u0219i carbon, acest aliaj mai con\u021bine \u0219i siliciu \u00eentr-o concentra\u021bie semnificativ\u0103, de 1 &#8211; 3% \u00een greutate. De asemenea, sunt \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u00een font\u0103 \u0219i un num\u0103r destul de mare de impurit\u0103\u021bi, \u00eens\u0103 acestea nu au menirea de a afecta \u00een vreun fel calitatea materialului, ci sunt absolut normale \u0219i contribuie la ob\u021binerea unei solu\u021bii foarte rezistente \u0219i solide, dar \u00een acela\u0219i timp maleabile.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trebuie subliniat faptul c\u0103 fonta este una dintre cele dou\u0103 forme principale \u00een care se folose\u0219te fierul, ca material de construc\u021bie. A doua este o\u021belul, care se deosebe\u0219te de font\u0103 prin caracteristici pe care le vom prezenta ulterior, pe parcursul acestui articol. \u00cens\u0103 strict referitor la diferen\u021bele din punct de vedere structural, fonta se deosebe\u0219te de o\u021bel prin con\u021binutul de carbon utilizat pentru ob\u021binerea sa. \u00cen vreme ce la font\u0103 se utilizeaz\u0103 \u00eentre 2,11% \u0219i 6,67% carbon, pentru o\u021bel se folose\u0219te sub 2,11% carbon.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tipuri_de_fonta\"><\/span>Tipuri de font\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Exist\u0103 mai multe tipuri de font\u0103, fiecare av\u00e2nd caracteristicile \u0219i \u00eentrebuin\u021b\u0103rile sale. Acestea sunt diferen\u021biate \u00een func\u021bie \u0219i de con\u021binutul pe care \u00eel au. Este vorba despre cinci tipuri de font\u0103 principale, dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"243\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.1.-Fonta.-Tipuri-de-fonta-fitinguri.jpg\" alt=\"Cot, fiting, otel, fonta, fonta zincata, teava, instalatii\" class=\"wp-image-589\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.1.-Fonta.-Tipuri-de-fonta-fitinguri.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.1.-Fonta.-Tipuri-de-fonta-fitinguri-300x146.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>fonta cenu\u0219ie <\/strong>&#8211; numit\u0103 \u0219i font\u0103 lamelar\u0103, este cel mai \u00eent\u00e2lnit tip de font\u0103. Se ob\u021bine prin topirea fierului \u0219i ad\u0103ugarea de carbon \u00een propor\u021bie de 2,5% &#8211; 4% \u00een greutate, siliciu \u00een propor\u021bie de 1% &#8211; 3% \u00een greutate \u0219i fosfor. Datorit\u0103 con\u021binutului de siliciu \u0219i fosfor, deseori fonta gri este caracterizat\u0103 de fragilitate. Aceasta se reduce prin tratamente termice precum \u00eent\u0103rirea sau normalizarea. Principalele beneficii ale elementelor din font\u0103 gri sunt reprezentate de turnabilitatea sporit\u0103, ruperea bun\u0103 a cipurilor, rezisten\u021ba la descuamare p\u00e2n\u0103 la temperaturi de 300 de grade Celsius \u0219i amortizarea bun\u0103 a vibra\u021biilor. De remarcat \u0219i faptul c\u0103 fontele cenu\u0219ii au o turnabilitate excelent\u0103 \u0219i pot fi prelucrate u\u0219or prin a\u0219chiere. Ca dezavantaje, se remarc\u0103 fragilitatea (care poate fi redus\u0103 prin tratamente termice) \u0219i lipsa de sudabilitate;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>fonta alb\u0103<\/strong> &#8211; atunci c\u00e2nd este rupt\u0103, fonta alb\u0103 prezint\u0103 o culoare argintie. Are o rezisten\u021b\u0103 extraordinar\u0103 la rugin\u0103 \u0219i uzur\u0103. Se utilizeaz\u0103 \u00een mod practic pentru producerea de elemente supuse unui grad ridicat de uzur\u0103, precum ro\u021bile c\u0103rucioarelor, \u021bevi sau diferite componente ale utilajelor de produc\u021bie;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>fonta maleabil\u0103<\/strong> &#8211; a fost intens utilizat\u0103 \u00een secolul 18 \u0219i con\u021bine fulgi de grafit. Este ob\u021binut\u0103 prin tratarea termic\u0103 a fontei albe (maleabilizare). Prezint\u0103 o ductilitate mai mare dec\u00e2t fonta alb\u0103 \u0219i este utilizat\u0103 pentru ob\u021binerea de produse \u0219i piese menite s\u0103 reziste la temperaturi foarte sc\u0103zute. Se folose\u0219te \u00een domeniul industriei feroviare \u0219i \u00een cel al produc\u021biei de motoare. De asemenea, din ea se produc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/produse\/fitinguri\/\">fitinguri<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/produse\/tevi\/\">\u021bevi<\/a>, \u0219aibe, robinete supape \u0219i chiar unelte agricole.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>font\u0103 nodular\u0103<\/strong> &#8211; se ob\u021bine prin ad\u0103ugarea unui con\u021binut important de magneziu \u00een baza de font\u0103. Are \u00een comun cu fonta cenu\u0219ie turnabilitatea excelent\u0103 \u0219i se aseam\u0103n\u0103 \u0219i cu o\u021belul prin propriet\u0103\u021bile sale mecanice deosebite;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Fonta alb\u0103 se ob\u021bine printr-o alt\u0103 metod\u0103. Este vorba de r\u0103cirea brusc\u0103 a fierului, din stare lichid\u0103. Fonta alb\u0103 are \u00een compozi\u021bie o substan\u021b\u0103 care \u00eei confer\u0103 rigiditate, numit\u0103 cementit\u0103. Fonta gri sau cenu\u0219ie se ob\u021bine prin r\u0103cire lent\u0103 \u0219i implic\u0103 utilizarea de fulgi de grafit. La fel ca cea alb\u0103, fonta cenu\u0219ie este casant\u0103. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 cementita din fonta alb\u0103 este casant\u0103, iar fulgii de grafit sl\u0103besc duritatea fontei cenu\u0219ii. Fonta maleabil\u0103 este cea mai dur\u0103 \u0219i se ob\u021bine prin tratarea la cald a fontei gri.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exist\u0103 \u0219i alte modalit\u0103\u021bi de clasificare a fontelor, \u00eens\u0103 acestea sunt cele mai comune denumiri \u0219i cele pe care le vei \u00eent\u00e2lnit de cele mai multe ori, atunci c\u00e2nd vei c\u0103uta produse din font\u0103. A\u0219adar, fonta este un aliaj ob\u021binut din fier, carbon \u0219i elemente precum siliciul sau alte impurit\u0103\u021bi. Compozi\u021bia determin\u0103 \u0219i cele mai importante propriet\u0103\u021bi ale fontei, care sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>este un material care se toarn\u0103 excelent;<\/li><li>este un material care se poate prelucra prin a\u0219chiere;<\/li><li>nu se poate lamina \u0219i nu se poate forja, spre deosebire de alte materiale;<\/li><li>foarte pu\u021bine tipuri de font\u0103 se pot suda, iar procesul este oricum foarte dificil.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Procesul_de_fabricare_a_fontei_explicat_pe_scurt\"><\/span>Procesul de fabricare a fontei, explicat pe scurt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acum c\u0103 ai aflat ce tipuri de font\u0103 sunt \u0219i ce con\u021bine fonta, este momentul s\u0103 descoperi care este procesul \u00een baza c\u0103ruia se ob\u021bine acest material at\u00e2t de util \u0219i de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00eentr-o mul\u021bine de industrii, inclusiv \u00een cea a construc\u021biilor de cl\u0103diri. Procesul de ob\u021binere a fontei este unul complex, dar extrem de important \u00een vederea producerii unui material at\u00e2t de rezistent \u0219i solid, cu aplicabilitate extins\u0103 \u00eentr-o mul\u021bime de domenii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru producerea fontei, sunt necesare cuptoare speciale, care poart\u0103 denumirea de furnale. \u00cen acestea se ob\u021bin, prin reducerea minereurilor de fier \u00een urma topirii lor, fontele brute. Acestea pot fi obi\u0219nuite \u0219i alienate. Ele se folosesc la elaborarea o\u021belului sau turnarea pieselor, \u00een func\u021bie de necesit\u0103\u021bi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.2.-Fonta.-Procesul-de-fabricare-a-fontei-explicat-pe-scurt-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Cot, fiting, otel, fonta, fonta zincata, teava, instalatii\" class=\"wp-image-590\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.2.-Fonta.-Procesul-de-fabricare-a-fontei-explicat-pe-scurt-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.2.-Fonta.-Procesul-de-fabricare-a-fontei-explicat-pe-scurt-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.2.-Fonta.-Procesul-de-fabricare-a-fontei-explicat-pe-scurt-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.2.-Fonta.-Procesul-de-fabricare-a-fontei-explicat-pe-scurt.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fierul topit \u00een furnal intr\u0103 \u00een contact cu un material aflat \u00een partea inferioar\u0103 a cuptorului. Acest material poart\u0103 denumirea de cocs (se ob\u021bine prin prelucrarea termic\u0103 a huilei). \u00cen urma contactului, rezult\u0103 un material care con\u021bine carbon, siliciu, mangan, sulf \u0219i fosfor. Toate aceste elemente care vin \u00een completarea amestecului de fier \u0219i carbon conduc la ob\u021binerea de font\u0103 cu punct de topire la aproximativ 1200 de grade Celsius.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trebuie men\u021bionat c\u0103, \u00eenainte de a fi ad\u0103ugate \u00een cuptoarele \u00eenalte \u00een care se produce fonta, minereurile feroase \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2nturile bogate \u00een fier sunt selectate, sf\u0103r\u00e2mate, cur\u0103\u021bate \u0219i uscate. Se amestec\u0103 cu var \u0219i c\u0103rbuni \u0219i se \u00eenc\u0103lzesc p\u00e2n\u0103 la topire, a\u0219a cum ai aflat anterior. Dup\u0103 topire, materialul care se ob\u021bine este turnat \u00een forme \u0219i tratat termic prin r\u0103cire.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ceea ce rezult\u0103 \u00een urma procesului de r\u0103cire este fonta, care are un con\u021binut maxim de carbon de 6,11% \u00een greutate. Prin lovituri repetate cu ciocanul, se ob\u021bine f\u0103r\u00e2mi\u021barea fontei care nu se poate forja \u0219i nu \u00ee\u0219i poate schimba forma prin \u00eenc\u0103lzire sau \u00een urma loviturilor aplicate. De asemenea, fonta nu se poate lamina.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te modul \u00een care este utilizat\u0103 fonta, aceasta se folose\u0219te cu prec\u0103dere \u00een construc\u021bii \u0219i \u00een domeniul instala\u021biilor. \u00cen construc\u021bii, fonta este folosit\u0103 pentru producerea de \u021bevi de scurgere, coloane \u0219i unelte variate. De asemenea, din font\u0103 se ob\u021bin pl\u0103ci de reazem \u0219i capace pentru recipiente industriale.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen instala\u021bii, din font\u0103 se ob\u021bin calorifere, c\u0103zi de baie \u0219i chiuvete, precum \u0219i arm\u0103turi pentru instala\u021bii, robine\u021bi sau vane. Fonta are o calitate excelent\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd vine vorba de asigurarea confortului termic. Ea re\u021bine \u0219i eman\u0103 c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod remarcabil. Tocmai de aceea, foarte multe calorifere continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie produse din acest material.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comparatie_intre_otel_si_fonta\"><\/span>Compara\u021bie \u00eentre o\u021bel \u0219i font\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>O\u021belul este tot un aliaj de fier \u0219i carbon, \u00eens\u0103 acesta este ob\u021binut prin utilizarea nei cantit\u0103\u021bi mai mici de carbon. Concret, o\u021belul are un con\u021binut de carbon mai mic de 1,7%. De altfel, prin defini\u021bie, orice aliaj de fier \u0219i carbon care are un con\u021binut de carbon mai mare de 1,7% intr\u0103 \u00een categoria fontelor. Exist\u0103 o\u021beluri nealiate, care con\u021bin doar fier \u0219i carbon ca elemente principale, dar \u0219i o\u021beluri aliate. Acestea sunt completate \u0219i cu elemente precum crom, molibden, nichel sau vanadiu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tratamentele termice care pot fi aplicate o\u021belului sunt mult mai variate, ceea ce contribuie la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea propriet\u0103\u021bilor de duritate \u0219i rezisten\u021b\u0103 a acestui material. O\u021belul poate fi c\u0103lit \u00een ap\u0103, s\u0103ruri sau uleiuri, nitrocarburat sau carburat. Tocmai gra\u021bie adaptabilit\u0103\u021bii sale, o\u021belul este cel mai popular material la nivel industrial.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fonta are \u0219i ea avantaje \u00een fa\u021ba o\u021belului. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, ea reprezint\u0103 un material mai u\u0219or de ob\u021binut \u0219i de integrat \u00een diverse structuri. Astfel, fonta este \u0219i un material mai ieftin. Ea are rezisten\u021b\u0103 sporit\u0103 la compresiune ridicat\u0103 \u0219i la uzur\u0103, spre deosebire de o\u021bel. Acesta din urm\u0103 compenseaz\u0103, totu\u0219i, prin maleabilitatea \u0219i ductilitatea sa. Trebuie subliniat \u0219i faptul c\u0103 fonta are o temperatur\u0103 de topire mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 dec\u00e2t a o\u021belului. Fonta se tope\u0219te la 1200 de grade Celsius, \u00een vreme ce o\u021belul se tope\u0219te la aproximativ 1370 grade Celsius.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"725\" height=\"520\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/2.-Fonta.-Comparat\u0326ie-i\u0302ntre-ot\u0326el-s\u0326i-fonta\u0306.jpg\" alt=\"Cot, fiting, otel, fonta, fonta zincata, teava, instalatii\" class=\"wp-image-591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/2.-Fonta.-Comparat\u0326ie-i\u0302ntre-ot\u0326el-s\u0326i-fonta\u0306.jpg 725w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/2.-Fonta.-Comparat\u0326ie-i\u0302ntre-ot\u0326el-s\u0326i-fonta\u0306-300x215.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te aplica\u021biile \u00een care sunt integrate cele dou\u0103 materiale, pe cele ale fontei \u021bi le-am prezentat anterior, \u00een vreme ce o\u021belul este utilizat pentru a ob\u021bine elemente precum: c\u0103i ferate, ma\u0219ini, poduri, motoare sau vase. La fel ca fonta, \u0219i o\u021belul este foarte rezistent la rugin\u0103, de aici \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea sa \u00een arii industriale at\u00e2t de variate. A\u0219adar, acestea sunt, pe scurt, principalele diferen\u021be dintre font\u0103 \u0219i o\u021bel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>fonta are un con\u021binut mai mare de 1,7% de carbon \u00een greutate. Aliajele de fier &#8211; carbon care au un con\u021binut de carbon mai mic de 1,7% sunt considerate o\u021beluri;<\/li><li>o\u021belul are ductibilitate \u0219i maleabilitate mai mare, \u00een vreme ce fonta este mult mai rezistent\u0103 la compresiune;<\/li><li>\u00een o\u021bel se g\u0103se\u0219te carbur\u0103 de fier, \u00een vreme ce fonta con\u021bine grafit;<\/li><li>fonta are un punct de topire mai sc\u0103zut dec\u00e2t al o\u021belului (1200 de grade Celsius, respectiv 1370 de grade Celsius);<\/li><li>fonta prezint\u0103 o fluiditate foarte bun\u0103, pe care o\u021belul nu o posed\u0103.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 e\u0219ti \u00een c\u0103utare de solu\u021bii pentru proiectele tale, indiferent de complexitatea lor, pe tevi-laminate.ro g\u0103se\u0219ti o gam\u0103 bogat\u0103 de \u021bevi, fitinguri, flan\u0219e, tabl\u0103 \u0219i profile, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/produse\/armaturi-robineti\/\">arm\u0103turi \u0219i robine\u021bi<\/a>. \u00ce\u021bi oferim variante de calitate, destinate utiliz\u0103rii \u00een cadrul proiectelor ample, industriale. Dispunem de o re\u021bea global\u0103 de furnizori, cu ajutorul c\u0103reia \u00ee\u021bi st\u0103m tot timpul la dispozi\u021bie cu solu\u021bii personalizate, \u00een a\u0219a fel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi po\u021bi acoperi nevoile de materiale.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sursa foto: Pixabay.com, Tevi-Laminate.ro.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/racordarea-aragazului-la-gaze-pasi-si-masuri-de-siguranta\/\">Racordarea aragazului la gaze \u2013 pa\u0219i \u0219i m\u0103suri de siguran\u021b\u0103<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/montarea-robinetului-cu-sertar-ghid-util-pentru-simplificarea-acestui-proces\/\">Montarea robinetului cu sertar &#8211; ghid util pentru simplificarea acestui proces<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/forjare-ce-presupune-acest-proces-si-care-este-rolul-sau-in-industria-metalurgica\/\">Forjare &#8211; ce presupune acest proces \u0219i care este rolul s\u0103u \u00een industria metalurgic\u0103<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/otel-galvanizat-sau-zincat-materiale-rezistente-si-versatile\/\">O\u021bel galvanizat sau zincat &#8211; materiale rezistente \u0219i versatile<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/mascarea-tevilor-din-baie-o-solutie-de-design-care-iti-salveaza-sanatatea\/\">Mascarea \u021bevilor din baie, o solu\u021bie de design care \u00ee\u021bi salveaz\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tatea<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cuprins Fonta. Ce este fonta, din ce este f\u0103cut\u0103 fonta \u0219i ce tipuri exist\u0103 Tipuri de font\u0103Procesul de fabricare a fontei, explicat pe scurtCompara\u021bie \u00eentre o\u021bel \u0219i font\u0103 Materialele de construc\u021bii au evoluat foarte mult de-a lungul anilor, iar progresele \u00eenregistrate la nivel tehnologic au condus la apari\u021bia unor solu\u021bii tot mai eficiente prin care [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[81,70,38,42,47,41,39],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.0.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Fonta. Ce este fonta, tipuri de font\u0103, propriet\u0103\u021bile fontei | Nimfa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Descopera mai multe despre \u279c Fonta. 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