{"id":494,"date":"2022-08-08T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-08T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/?p=494"},"modified":"2022-08-08T12:24:25","modified_gmt":"2022-08-08T12:24:25","slug":"aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/","title":{"rendered":"Aliaje metalice pe \u00een\u021belesul tuturor"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_16 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Cuprins<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#1_Cele_mai_intalnite_tipuri_de_aliaje_metalice\" title=\"1. Cele mai \u00eent\u00e2lnite tipuri de aliaje metalice&lt;\/h2&gt;\">1. Cele mai \u00eent\u00e2lnite tipuri de aliaje metalice&lt;\/h2&gt;<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#11_Aliaje_pe_baza_de_aluminiu\" title=\"1.1 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de aluminiu\">1.1 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de aluminiu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#12_Aliaje_pe_baza_de_cupru\" title=\"1.2 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de cupru\">1.2 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de cupru<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#13_Aliaje_pe_baza_de_aur\" title=\"1.3 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de aur\">1.3 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de aur<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#14_Aliaje_pe_baza_de_fier\" title=\"1.4 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de fier\">1.4 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de fier<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#2_Ce_mai_trebuie_cunoscut_despre_aliaje_metalice\" title=\"2. Ce mai trebuie cunoscut despre aliaje metalice?\">2. Ce mai trebuie cunoscut despre aliaje metalice?<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#21_De_ce_sunt_utile_anumite_aliaje_metalice\" title=\"2.1 De ce sunt utile anumite aliaje metalice?\">2.1 De ce sunt utile anumite aliaje metalice?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#22_Metale_simple_si_aliaje_metalice\" title=\"2.2 Metale simple \u0219i aliaje metalice\">2.2 Metale simple \u0219i aliaje metalice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#23_Care_sunt_cele_mai_utilizate_materiale_in_aliaje_metalice\" title=\"2.3 Care sunt cele mai utilizate materiale \u00een aliaje metalice?\">2.3 Care sunt cele mai utilizate materiale \u00een aliaje metalice?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#3_Care_sunt_caracteristicile_cu_cel_mai_mare_impact_pentru_determinarea_calitatii_aliajelor_metalice\" title=\"3. Care sunt caracteristicile cu cel mai mare impact pentru determinarea calit\u0103\u021bii aliajelor metalice?\">3. Care sunt caracteristicile cu cel mai mare impact pentru determinarea calit\u0103\u021bii aliajelor metalice?<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#31_Puritatea_joaca_un_rol_esential_in_compozitia_unui_aliaj\" title=\"3.1 Puritatea joac\u0103 un rol esen\u021bial \u00een compozi\u021bia unui aliaj\">3.1 Puritatea joac\u0103 un rol esen\u021bial \u00een compozi\u021bia unui aliaj<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#32_Alegerea_metalelor_de_baza_in_functie_de_proprietatile_tipice\" title=\"3.2 Alegerea metalelor de baz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de propriet\u0103\u021bile tipice\">3.2 Alegerea metalelor de baz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de propriet\u0103\u021bile tipice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/#33_Metodele_de_productie_pot_fi_naturale_pana_la_un_anumit_punct\" title=\"3.3 Metodele de produc\u021bie pot fi naturale p\u00e2n\u0103 la un anumit punct\">3.3 Metodele de produc\u021bie pot fi naturale p\u00e2n\u0103 la un anumit punct<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/h1-aliaje-metalice-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"teava, tevi, aliaje, metale speciale, otel aliat\" class=\"wp-image-493\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/h1-aliaje-metalice-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/h1-aliaje-metalice-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/h1-aliaje-metalice-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/h1-aliaje-metalice-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/h1-aliaje-metalice.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Aliajul metalic este o substan\u021b\u0103 compus\u0103 din dou\u0103 sau mai multe elemente. Componentele aliajelor sunt, de obicei, ele \u00eensele metale, de\u0219i carbonul, un nemetal, este un element esen\u021bial al o\u021belului, de exemplu. Cel mai adesea, aliajele sunt ob\u021binute prin topirea \u0219i amestecarea metalelor de baz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Valoarea aliajelor a fost descoperit\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din antichitate; alama (un aliaj format din cupru \u0219i zinc) \u0219i bronzul (aliaj format din cupru \u0219i staniu) erau deosebit de importante. Ast\u0103zi, \u00eens\u0103, cele mai importante sunt aliajele de o\u021bel, definite, \u00een general, ca o\u021beluri care con\u021bin cantit\u0103\u021bi semnificative de elemente, altele dec\u00e2t fierul \u0219i carbonul. Principalele componente ale unui aliaj de o\u021bel sunt crom, nichel, mangan, molibden, siliciu, tungsten, vanadiu \u0219i bor. Aliajele de o\u021bel au o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de propriet\u0103\u021bi speciale, cum ar fi duritatea, rezisten\u021ba la coroziune sau ductilitatea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De asemenea, exist\u0103 \u0219i aliaje neferoase, reprezentate, \u00een general, de aliaje de cupru nichel, bronz \u0219i aluminiu, utilizate mult foarte des \u00een fabricarea monedelor. Diferen\u021ba dintre un aliaj metalic \u0219i o impuritate este, uneori, greu de observat. Pentru aluminiu, de exemplu, siliciul poate fi considerat o impuritate sau o component\u0103 valoroas\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de aplicabilitate, deoarece siliciul adaug\u0103 duritate, de\u0219i reduce rezisten\u021ba la coroziune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru a \u00een\u021belege ce este aliajul metalic, este necesar\u0103 prezentarea general\u0103 a acestuia, precum \u0219i a celor mai \u00eent\u00e2lnite aliaje \u0219i propriet\u0103\u021bile acestora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cuprins<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Cele mai \u00eent\u00e2lnite tipuri de aliaje metalice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.1 &nbsp; <\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de aluminiu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.2 &nbsp; <\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de cupru<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.3 &nbsp; <\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de aur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.4 &nbsp; <\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de fier<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Ce mai trebuie cunoscut despre aliaje metalice?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.1 &nbsp; <\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>De ce sunt utile anumite aliaje metalice?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.2 &nbsp; <\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>Metale simple \u0219i aliaje metalice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.3 &nbsp; <\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>Care sunt cele mai utilizate materiale \u00een aliaje metalice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Care sunt caracteristicile cu cel mai mare impact pentru determinarea calit\u0103\u021bii aliajelor metalice?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.1 &nbsp; <\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>Puritatea joac\u0103 un rol esen\u021bial \u00een compozi\u021bia unui aliaj<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.2 &nbsp; <\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>Alegerea metalelor de baz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de propriet\u0103\u021bile tipice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.3 &nbsp; <\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>Metodele de produc\u021bie pot fi naturale p\u00e2n\u0103 la un anumit punct<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Cele_mai_intalnite_tipuri_de_aliaje_metalice\"><\/span><strong>1. Cele mai \u00eent\u00e2lnite tipuri de aliaje metalice&lt;\/h2&gt;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Exist\u0103 mai multe feluri de aliaje metalice. Cu toate acestea, nu toate sunt la fel de populare, deoarece aplicabilitatea acestora depinde de propriet\u0103\u021bile finale ob\u021binute \u00een urma amestecurilor. Totu\u0219i, exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva aliaje folosite \u00een multiple industrii, deoarece propriet\u0103\u021bile metalelor de baz\u0103, al\u0103turi de cele specifice celorlalte componente, le fac mult mai avantajoase \u0219i mai utile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Aliaje_pe_baza_de_aluminiu\"><\/span><strong>1.1 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de aluminiu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aliajele pe baz\u0103 de aluminiu sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; AA-8000: folosit pentru construirea firelor;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Al-Li (aluminiu, litiu, uneori mercur);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Alnico (aluminiu, nichel, cupru);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Duralumin (cupru, aluminiu);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Magnaliu (aluminiu, 5% magneziu);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Magnox (oxid de magneziu, aluminiu);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Nambe (aluminiu plus alte \u0219apte metale secundare);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Silumin\u0103 (aluminiu, siliciu);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Zamak (zinc, aluminiu, magneziu, cupru);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De asemenea, aluminiul formeaz\u0103 alte aliaje complexe cu magneziu, mangan \u0219i platin\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Aliaje_pe_baza_de_cupru\"><\/span><strong>1.2 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de cupru<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u00e2nd cuprul ca \u0219i metal de baz\u0103, se pot ob\u021bine o multitudine de aliaje, dintre care, cele mai importante sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Bronz;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Cupru arsenic;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Cupru beriliu (cupru, beriliu)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Billon (cupru, argint);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Alama (cupru, zinc);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Argint chinezesc (cupru, zinc)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Metal olandez (cupru, zinc);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Metal aurit (cupru, zinc);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_Aliaje_pe_baza_de_aur\"><\/span><strong>1.3 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de aur<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aurul este cel mai popular metal din lume. Din acesta, se pot ob\u021bine urm\u0103toarele aliaje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Electrum (aur, argint, cupru);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Tumbaga (aur, cupru);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Aur roz (aur, cupru);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Aur alb (aur, nichel, paladiu sau platin\u0103);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.3-aliaj-metalic-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"teava, tevi, aliaje, metale speciale, otel aliat\" class=\"wp-image-491\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.3-aliaj-metalic-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.3-aliaj-metalic-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.3-aliaj-metalic-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.3-aliaj-metalic-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/1.3-aliaj-metalic-2048x1367.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Row of identical metal details. Row of identical metal details attached to a framework.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_Aliaje_pe_baza_de_fier\"><\/span><strong>1.4 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de fier<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru aliaje, fierul este extrem de utilizat pentru a ob\u021bine o\u021bel sau o\u021bel inoxidabil. Celelalte aliaje pe baz\u0103 de fier nu sunt la fel de populare precum acestea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Ce_mai_trebuie_cunoscut_despre_aliaje_metalice\"><\/span><strong>2. Ce mai trebuie cunoscut despre aliaje metalice?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 tipurile de aliaje, trebuie \u00een\u021beles de ce sunt aliajele at\u00e2t de utile, ce aplicabilitate au \u0219i care este diferen\u021ba dintre aliajele simple \u0219i cele metalice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_De_ce_sunt_utile_anumite_aliaje_metalice\"><\/span><strong>2.1 De ce sunt utile anumite aliaje metalice?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Multe metale, cum ar fi aurul, aflate \u00een stare pur\u0103 sunt mult mai moi, ceea ce le face mai pu\u021bin utilizabile pentru anumite scopuri. Transformarea lor \u00eentr-un aliaj poate ad\u0103uga rezisten\u021b\u0103 metalului, dar poate oferi \u0219i&nbsp; alte propriet\u0103\u021bi chimice \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bite. Duritatea, prelucrabilitatea \u0219i rezisten\u021ba la coroziune sunt alte propriet\u0103\u021bi care pot fi ad\u0103ugate sau \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bite prin crearea unui aliaj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_Metale_simple_si_aliaje_metalice\"><\/span><strong>2.2 Metale simple \u0219i aliaje metalice<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Diferen\u021ba cheie \u00eentre metal \u0219i aliaj este c\u0103 metalul este o substan\u021b\u0103 pur\u0103, \u00een timp ce aliajul este un amestec de dou\u0103 sau mai multe componente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe baza anumitor caracteristici, multe elemente chimice se pot \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi \u00een metale \u0219i nemetale. Metalele sunt lucioase, fiind buni conductori de c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i electricitate. De asemenea, metalele pot reflecta lumina atunci c\u00e2nd sunt lustruite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aliajele, \u00een schimb, ajut\u0103 la combinarea a dou\u0103 metale, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t cele mai utile propriet\u0103\u021bi ale elementelor componente s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze simultan \u00eentr-un compus unic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_Care_sunt_cele_mai_utilizate_materiale_in_aliaje_metalice\"><\/span><strong>2.3 Care sunt cele mai utilizate materiale \u00een aliaje metalice?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Elementele de aliere sunt materialele care se adaug\u0103 metalului de baz\u0103. C\u00e2nd sunt combinate, ele ofer\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bi chimice sau mecanice specifice suplimentare. Cele mai utilizate elemente suplimentare sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Nichel pentru rezisten\u021b\u0103;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Cuprul face ca metalele s\u0103 fie \u00eent\u0103rite la precipita\u021bii \u0219i cre\u0219te rezisten\u021ba la coroziune;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Manganul \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te rezisten\u021ba \u0219i rezisten\u021ba la c\u0103ldur\u0103;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Siliciul este un element de aliere nemetalic care cre\u0219te rezisten\u021ba \u0219i scade temperatura de topire;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Cromul cre\u0219te rezisten\u021ba la coroziune, duritatea \u0219i rezisten\u021ba;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Care_sunt_caracteristicile_cu_cel_mai_mare_impact_pentru_determinarea_calitatii_aliajelor_metalice\"><\/span><strong>3. Care sunt caracteristicile cu cel mai mare impact pentru determinarea calit\u0103\u021bii aliajelor metalice?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Exista c\u00e2teva caracteristici de baz\u0103 pentru fiecare aliaj metalic. Acestea sunt cele mai importante elemente de luat \u00een calcul pentru a determina<a href=\"https:\/\/tevi-laminate.ro\/servicii#certificate-de-calitate\"> nivelul calitativ<\/a>, indiferent de tipul de aliaj sau metalul de baz\u0103 folosit \u00een acesta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Puritatea_joaca_un_rol_esential_in_compozitia_unui_aliaj\"><\/span><strong>3.1 Puritatea joac\u0103 un rol esen\u021bial \u00een compozi\u021bia unui aliaj<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mii de aliaje sunt produse \u00een mod regulat, iar rezultatele sunt diferite metale cu aplicabilitate \u0219i beneficii specifice diverse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aliajele metalice au compozi\u021bii standard acceptate care presupun anumite niveluri de puritate ale elementelor care intra \u00een compozi\u021bie. Metodele de ob\u021binere \u0219i propriet\u0103\u021bile aliajelor sunt standardizate de organiza\u021bii interna\u021bionale. Cele mai importante dintre acestea sunt Organiza\u021bia Interna\u021bional\u0103 pentru Standardizare (ISO \u2013 International Standardization Organization), SAE International \u0219i ASTM International.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_Alegerea_metalelor_de_baza_in_functie_de_proprietatile_tipice\"><\/span><strong>3.2 Alegerea metalelor de baz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de propriet\u0103\u021bile tipice<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Luate individual, metalele pure au propriet\u0103\u021bi extrem importante, cum ar fi conductivitatea electric\u0103 eficient\u0103, duritate pentru p\u0103strarea formelor sau rezisten\u021b\u0103 la factori externi d\u0103un\u0103tori precum c\u0103ldura \u0219i coroziunea. Aliajele care se folosesc \u00een<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/industrii\/\"> industrii<\/a> mari, cum ar fi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/industrii#constructii\">construc\u021biile<\/a>, sunt rezultatul unei combin\u0103ri prin care aceste propriet\u0103\u021bi duc la apari\u021bia unor metale cu aplicabilitate crescut\u0103, mai mare dec\u00e2t a oric\u0103rora dintre elementele componente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un alt factor extrem de important \u00een creare unui aliaj metalic este temperatura de topire. Galinstanul este un aliaj care se ob\u021bine prin topire la temperatur\u0103 redus\u0103. Acesta are \u00een compozi\u021bia sa staniu, galiu \u0219i indiu, devenind lichid la temperaturi mai mari de -19\u00b0C. Prin urmare, punctul s\u0103u de topire este cu 50\u00b0C mai mic dec\u00e2t cel al galiulului pur \u0219i cu mai mult de 100\u00b0C sub cele ale indiului \u0219i staniului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Calculul care determin\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bile ale unui aliajelor poate fi unul dificil. Trebuie luat \u00een considerare faptul c\u0103 un aliaj se bazeaz\u0103 \u0219i pe anumite interac\u021biuni chimice. Drept urmare, sunt necesare mai multe teste pentru a dezvolta noi aliaje metalice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33_Metodele_de_productie_pot_fi_naturale_pana_la_un_anumit_punct\"><\/span><strong>3.3 Metodele de produc\u021bie pot fi naturale p\u00e2n\u0103 la un anumit punct<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Anumite tipuri de aliaje metalice au nevoie de o prelucrare mai mic\u0103 pentru a fi transformate \u00een materiale de uz industrial, deoarece mare parte din proces se deruleaz\u0103 \u00een mod natural. Aliajele pe baz\u0103 de fier \u0219i crom sunt utilizate \u00een producerea diferitelor tipuri de o\u021beluri \u0219i sunt rezultatul topirii de minereuri mixte. Totu\u0219i, alierea metalelor nu este un proces simplu. De exemplu, simplul amestec dintre aluminiu topit \u0219i plumb topit, nu ar avea niciun rezultat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen majoritatea cazurilor, aliajele comerciale au nevoie de un proces de formare mult mai complex \u0219i se sunt rezultatul amestec\u0103rii metalelor topite printr-o procedur\u0103 controlat\u0103 \u0219i monitorizat\u0103 constant. Amestecarea componentelor, indiferent c\u0103 este vorba de dou\u0103 metale topite sau de metale cu nemetale, poate avea un rezultat diferit care depinde de propriet\u0103\u021bile elementelor utilizate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cum metalele variaz\u0103 ca grad de toleran\u021b\u0103 la gaze \u0219i c\u0103ldur\u0103, anumi\u021bi factori precum nivelurile de impuritate, temperaturile de topire, procedura de aliere \u0219i mediul de amestecare sunt elemente cheie pentru a rezulta un aliaj calitativ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Varia\u021bii exist\u0103 \u0219i \u00een cazul metalelor refractare. \u00cen timp ce unele r\u0103m\u00e2n stabile chiar \u0219i la temperaturi ridicate, altele reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la acest factor extern. Adesea ele \u00eencep s\u0103 interac\u021bioneze cu mediul lor, fapt ce poate afecta nu doar calitatea aliajului final ci \u0219i nivelul de puritate. De aceea, pentru a preveni toate acestea sunt preg\u0103tite \u00een prealabil anumite aliajele intermediare ce ajut\u0103 elementele s\u0103 se combine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De exemplu, un aliaj care const\u0103 \u00een 4,5% cupru \u0219i 95,5% aluminiu se poate realiza prin preg\u0103tirea \u00een prealabil a unui amestec special, cu o compozi\u021bie de 50% dintre cele dou\u0103 elemente. Acesta are punctul de topire mai mic dec\u00e2t cuprul sau aluminiul \u00een stare pur\u0103 \u0219i ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca un aliaj preg\u0103titor. Acesta este apoi introdus \u00een aluminiul topit cu o cantitate, cre\u00e2nd, astfel, amestecul potrivit pentru aliajul final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/3.3-aliaje-metalice-exemple-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"teava, tevi, aliaje, metale speciale, otel aliat\" class=\"wp-image-492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/3.3-aliaje-metalice-exemple-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/3.3-aliaje-metalice-exemple-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/3.3-aliaje-metalice-exemple-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/3.3-aliaje-metalice-exemple-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/3.3-aliaje-metalice-exemple.jpg 1840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Sheet metal parts on desk. Materials in aviation workshop.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Prin urmare, aliajele sunt extrem de utile atunci c\u00e2nd este nevoie de utilizarea anumitor propriet\u0103\u021bi ale metalelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sursa foto: envato.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/racordarea-aragazului-la-gaze-pasi-si-masuri-de-siguranta\/\">Racordarea aragazului la gaze \u2013 pa\u0219i \u0219i m\u0103suri de siguran\u021b\u0103<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/montarea-robinetului-cu-sertar-ghid-util-pentru-simplificarea-acestui-proces\/\">Montarea robinetului cu sertar &#8211; ghid util pentru simplificarea acestui proces<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/forjare-ce-presupune-acest-proces-si-care-este-rolul-sau-in-industria-metalurgica\/\">Forjare &#8211; ce presupune acest proces \u0219i care este rolul s\u0103u \u00een industria metalurgic\u0103<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/otel-galvanizat-sau-zincat-materiale-rezistente-si-versatile\/\">O\u021bel galvanizat sau zincat &#8211; materiale rezistente \u0219i versatile<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/mascarea-tevilor-din-baie-o-solutie-de-design-care-iti-salveaza-sanatatea\/\">Mascarea \u021bevilor din baie, o solu\u021bie de design care \u00ee\u021bi salveaz\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tatea<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cuprins 1. Cele mai \u00eent\u00e2lnite tipuri de aliaje metalice&lt;\/h2&gt;1.1 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de aluminiu1.2 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de cupru1.3 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de aur1.4 Aliaje pe baz\u0103 de fier2. Ce mai trebuie cunoscut despre aliaje metalice?2.1 De ce sunt utile anumite aliaje metalice?2.2 Metale simple \u0219i aliaje metalice2.3 Care sunt cele mai utilizate materiale \u00een [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[60,49,48,38,41,39],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.0.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Aliaje metalice pe \u00een\u021belesul tuturor | Nimfa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Descopera mai multe despre \u279c Aliaje metalice pe \u00een\u021belesul tuturor \u2705 Sfaturi &amp; Recomandari de la specialisti \u27a4 Citeste articolul pe Nimfa Blog\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/aliaje-metalice-pe-intelesul-tuturor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" 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