{"id":294,"date":"2021-04-19T11:32:17","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T11:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/?p=294"},"modified":"2021-10-07T08:52:05","modified_gmt":"2021-10-07T08:52:05","slug":"despe-otel-si-otel-carbon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/despe-otel-si-otel-carbon\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u021belul carbon &#8211; un metal cu multiple avantaje \u00een majoritatea aplica\u021biilor industriale sau civile"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_16 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Cuprins<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/despe-otel-si-otel-carbon\/#Otelul_carbon_de_calitate_-_modul_de_producere_al_acestuia_caracteristici_si_compozitie\" title=\"O\u021belul carbon de calitate &#8211; modul de producere al acestuia, caracteristici \u0219i compozi\u021bie\">O\u021belul carbon de calitate &#8211; modul de producere al acestuia, caracteristici \u0219i compozi\u021bie<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/despe-otel-si-otel-carbon\/#Avantajele_si_dezavantajele_otelului_carbon\" title=\"Avantajele \u0219i dezavantajele o\u021belului carbon\">Avantajele \u0219i dezavantajele o\u021belului carbon<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>Povestea o\u021belului dateaz\u0103 dintr-un timp cu mult mai \u00eendep\u0103rtat dec\u00e2t primele poduri, c\u0103i ferate \u0219i zg\u00e2rie nori. De fapt, totul a \u00eenceput \u00een spa\u021biul cosmic cu miliarde de ani \u00eenainte chiar ca planeta P\u0103m\u00e2nt s\u0103 fie format\u0103. \u00cen stele tinere, abia formate, \u0219i care \u201dardeau\u201d la temperaturi inimaginabile, adev\u0103rate reactoare cosmice, unii atomi au \u00eenceput s\u0103 fuzioneze, transform\u00e2ndu-se \u00een primele elemente chimice de fier \u0219i carbon.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>De-a lungul a milioane de transform\u0103ri, explozii ale stelelor aflate la finalul vie\u021bii au expulzat aceste materii care s-au al\u0103turat unor corpuri cosmice \u00een formare: planetele. Datorit\u0103 gravita\u021biei, unele din aceste elemente chimice au avut un rol important \u0219i \u00een formarea planetei Terra unde, mult mai t\u00e2rziu (peste c\u00e2teva miliarde de ani), vor guverna destinul unei specii antropoide, Homo Sapiens. De la fierul g\u0103sit \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor \u00een buc\u0103\u021bile de meteorit c\u0103zute pe sol, p\u00e2n\u0103 la inventarea furnalelor moderne &#8211; o\u021belul a fost \u0219i continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie un material de prim\u0103 necesitate \u00een toate aspectele civiliza\u021biei umane.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Utilizat \u00een producerea armelor superioare \u00eenc\u0103 din Antichitate, a dat armatelor astfel echipate un avantaj semnificativ \u00een fa\u021ba vechilor s\u0103bii din bronz. Folosit \u00een agricultur\u0103, a schimbat semnificativ \u00een bine productivitatea terenurilor arate cu brazdare din fier. \u00centrebuin\u021bat \u00een construc\u021bii, o\u021belul a dat posibilitatea trecerii la noi sisteme de transport (c\u0103ile ferate, automobilul, avia\u021bia \u0219i astronautica) \u0219i la noi moduri de construire a infrastructurii (cl\u0103diri de sute de metri \u00een\u0103l\u021bime, poduri suspendate spectaculoase, autostr\u0103zi, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen acest articol vei afla c\u00e2teva detalii despre unul din cele mai cunoscute tipuri de o\u021beluri, \u0219i anume o\u021belul carbon.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Otelul_carbon_de_calitate_-_modul_de_producere_al_acestuia_caracteristici_si_compozitie\"><\/span><strong>O\u021belul carbon de calitate &#8211; modul de producere al acestuia, caracteristici \u0219i compozi\u021bie<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru a ajunge la o\u021bel au fost necesare secole \u0219i milenii de perfec\u021bionare a tehnicii metalurgiei. Acest metal, at\u00e2t de util, con\u021bine de fapt fier \u00een concentra\u021bii de 98% p\u00e2n\u0103 la 99% sau chiar ceva mai mult. Restul p\u00e2n\u0103 la 100% este format din carbon \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi variabile.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tocmai concentra\u021bia de carbon din componen\u021ba o\u021belului este cea care face o mare diferen\u021b\u0103 \u00een propriet\u0103\u021bile finale ale metalului \u0219i stabile\u0219te destina\u021biile concrete unde va fi folosit. Astfel, dac\u0103 dou\u0103 obiecte sunt confec\u021bionate din acest metal, nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00een mod necesar c\u0103 ele au aceea\u0219i compozi\u021bie.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De\u0219i exist\u0103 o varietate destul de mare a acestui material datorit\u0103 altori compu\u0219i chimici care pot fi ad\u0103uga\u021bi \u00een procesele metalurgice (mangan, nichel, crom, molibden, titan, vanadiu, tungsten, cobalt sau niobium), cele mai comune tipuri r\u0103m\u00e2n o\u021belul inox \u0219i o\u021belul carbon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O\u021belul inox este un produs care rezist\u0103 la oxidare, iar procesul s\u0103u de ob\u021binere implic\u0103 acoperirea aliajului de fier-carbon cu un strat protector de crom care poate atinge concentra\u021bii chiar \u0219i de 10,5% din masa materialului \u0219i care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca o barier\u0103 \u00eentre oxigenul atmosferic \u0219i metalul din care este alc\u0103tuit subprodusul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O\u021belul carbon, pe de alt\u0103 parte, con\u021bine o mare cantitate a elementului care \u00eei compune \u0219i denumirea, \u00een concentra\u021bii care pot ajunge, de regul\u0103, \u0219i la 2,1% din greutatea total\u0103.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De asemenea, pentru a fi catalogat astfel, materialul ob\u021binut prin procedee metalurgice trebuie s\u0103 \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 mai multe criterii privind compozi\u021bia \u0219i care pot fi considerate caracteristicile de baza ale o\u021belului carbon. Acestea sunt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>nu are limit\u0103 minim\u0103 de con\u021binut pentru elemente ca nichelul, cobaltul, cromul, titanul, tungstenul, vanadiul sau orice alte metale rezistente la coroziuni;<\/li><li>con\u021binutul minim necesar de cupru nu trebuie s\u0103 treac\u0103 de 0.40%;<\/li><li>concentra\u021bia maxim\u0103 de mangan s\u0103 nu fie peste 1,65%;<\/li><li>concentra\u021bia maxim\u0103 de cupru s\u0103 nu fie peste 0,6%;<\/li><li>concentra\u021bia maxim\u0103 de siliciu s\u0103 nu fie peste 0,6%.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cendeplinirea acestor criterii \u00een procesul metalurgic ofer\u0103 un o\u021bel carbon de calitate care se distinge prin duritatea \u0219i rezisten\u021ba materialului. De aceea, este tipul de o\u021bel care st\u0103 la baza multor aplica\u021bii din <a href=\"https:\/\/tevi-laminate.ro\/industrii\">industrii<\/a> diverse, cum este cazul <a href=\"https:\/\/tevi-laminate.ro\/produse\">produselor<\/a> siderurgice, profilelor de orice tip, tablei cu diverse \u00eentrebuin\u021b\u0103ri, materiale de construc\u021bii, fabricarea autovehiculelor,&nbsp; dar \u0219i casnice, cum ar fi cu\u021bitele sau alte tipuri de lame utilizate pentru t\u0103iat, ca cele de fier\u0103straie sau burghiele pentru g\u0103urit, etc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Avantajele_si_dezavantajele_otelului_carbon\"><\/span><strong>Avantajele \u0219i dezavantajele o\u021belului carbon<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u0219a cum ai v\u0103zut deja, o\u021belul carbon este de fapt un aliaj de metal compus din fier \u0219i carbon. Deosebirea de alte tipuri ale acestui material este concentra\u021bia mare a celui din urm\u0103 element, care poate atinge, \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit, \u00een jur de 2%-2,5%.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tocmai aceast\u0103 concentra\u021bie mare de carbon ofer\u0103 metalului astfel ob\u021binut c\u00e2teva avantaje fa\u021b\u0103 de alte aliaje, mai tradi\u021bionale.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astfel, cel mai important avantaj al s\u0103u este duritatea care se ob\u021bine prin aranjarea atomilor de carbon \u00een jurul re\u021belei cristaline a fierului. Acest lucru face ca acest tip de o\u021bel s\u0103 fie adecvat \u00een domeniile \u00een care este solicitat\u0103 o mai mare rezisten\u021b\u0103 la rupere. De exemplu, celebrele lame de s\u0103bii japoneze sunt produse printr-un laborios procedeu metalurgic din care rezult\u0103 un metal cu o concentra\u021bie foarte mare de carbon.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dezavantajul o\u021belului carbon fa\u021b\u0103 de alte tipuri ale aceleia\u0219i familii de produse ale siderurgiei este modul dificil de lucru cu el. Tocmai din cauza durit\u0103\u021bii sale, este foarte greu s\u0103 fie supus la prelucr\u0103ri sau servicii, cum ar fi modelarea prin \u00eendoire sau turnare, ori prelucr\u0103ri mecanice. De asemenea, neav\u00e2nd protec\u021bia cromului, este mult mai predispus la ruginire atunci c\u00e2nd este expus la umezeal\u0103 pentru perioade lungi de timp, mai ales dac\u0103 nu este tratat corespunz\u0103tor cu materiale care s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze ca o barier\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba puterii de oxidare a atmosferei.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen concluzie, alegerea tipului de o\u021bel ce va fi folosit \u00eentr-un anumit domeniu trebuie s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 cont de caracteristicile fizico-chimice ale compozi\u021biei acestuia, care dau, de fap, indiciile clare asupra comportamentului metalului \u00een diversele scenarii de lucru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sursa foto: shutterstock.com<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/racordarea-aragazului-la-gaze-pasi-si-masuri-de-siguranta\/\">Racordarea aragazului la gaze \u2013 pa\u0219i \u0219i m\u0103suri de siguran\u021b\u0103<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/montarea-robinetului-cu-sertar-ghid-util-pentru-simplificarea-acestui-proces\/\">Montarea robinetului cu sertar &#8211; ghid util pentru simplificarea acestui proces<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/forjare-ce-presupune-acest-proces-si-care-este-rolul-sau-in-industria-metalurgica\/\">Forjare &#8211; ce presupune acest proces \u0219i care este rolul s\u0103u \u00een industria metalurgic\u0103<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/otel-galvanizat-sau-zincat-materiale-rezistente-si-versatile\/\">O\u021bel galvanizat sau zincat &#8211; materiale rezistente \u0219i versatile<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/mascarea-tevilor-din-baie-o-solutie-de-design-care-iti-salveaza-sanatatea\/\">Mascarea \u021bevilor din baie, o solu\u021bie de design care \u00ee\u021bi salveaz\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tatea<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cuprins O\u021belul carbon de calitate &#8211; modul de producere al acestuia, caracteristici \u0219i compozi\u021bieAvantajele \u0219i dezavantajele o\u021belului carbon Povestea o\u021belului dateaz\u0103 dintr-un timp cu mult mai \u00eendep\u0103rtat dec\u00e2t primele poduri, c\u0103i ferate \u0219i zg\u00e2rie nori. De fapt, totul a \u00eenceput \u00een spa\u021biul cosmic cu miliarde de ani \u00eenainte chiar ca planeta P\u0103m\u00e2nt s\u0103 fie format\u0103. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,1],"tags":[38],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.0.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O\u021belul carbon - un metal cu multiple avantaje \u00een majoritatea aplica\u021biilor industriale sau civile | Nimfa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Descopera mai multe despre \u279c O\u021belul carbon - un metal cu multiple avantaje \u00een majoritatea aplica\u021biilor industriale sau civile \u2705 Sfaturi &amp; Recomandari de la specialisti \u27a4 Citeste articolul pe Nimfa Blog\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tevi-laminate.ro\/blog\/despe-otel-si-otel-carbon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O\u021belul carbon - un metal cu multiple avantaje \u00een majoritatea aplica\u021biilor industriale sau civile | Nimfa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Descopera mai multe despre \u279c O\u021belul carbon - un metal cu multiple avantaje \u00een majoritatea aplica\u021biilor industriale sau civile \u2705 Sfaturi &amp; 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